Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid that forms the inner leaflet of neuronal cell membranes. It is essential for membrane fluidity, receptor function, and the proper release of neurotransmitters. Critically, PS directly reduces cortisol secretion from the adrenal gland — it is one of the few natural compounds with documented cortisol-lowering effects confirmed in human trials.

Dual-action ingredient: it supports brain cell membrane integrity (improving memory and cognitive function) while simultaneously reducing cortisol (addressing the stress-brain connection). This makes it uniquely valuable in formulas that target both cognitive performance and stress resilience.

Multiple RCTs confirm PS's cognitive benefits. A landmark study (Crook et al., 1991) showed significant improvement in memory in patients with age-associated memory impairment. PS is one of only two supplements with an FDA-qualified health claim for cognitive function. Cortisol-lowering effects confirmed in multiple exercise and stress studies.

100–300mg daily. Fat-soluble — must be taken with food for absorption. Full cognitive benefits typically seen at 8–12 weeks of consistent use.