EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)

EPA is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid that serves as the precursor to Series 3 prostaglandins and Series 5 leukotrienes — anti-inflammatory eicosanoids that counterbalance the pro-inflammatory Series 2 prostaglandins derived from arachidonic acid. EPA also inhibits the COX-2 enzyme (the target of NSAIDs) and reduces inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.

EPA is the primary anti-inflammatory omega-3. Chronic inflammation is a root driver of hormonal imbalance, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. The EPA:DHA ratio matters — EPA is more potent for inflammation reduction while DHA is more important for brain structure.

Extensive clinical research. A 2018 REDUCE-IT trial showed 25% reduction in cardiovascular events with high-dose EPA. Multiple meta-analyses confirm anti-inflammatory effects, mood benefits (particularly for depression), and cardiovascular risk reduction.

Minimum 1g EPA+DHA daily for general health; 2–4g for therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects. Triglyceride form (as in fish oil) is better absorbed than ethyl ester form. Take with the largest meal of the day for optimal absorption.